Chemistry syllabus for 2nd semister ( B.pharm )

Unit -1

1) Bohr's atomic structure
2) Atomic and molecular orbital concepts
3) Quantum numbers
4) Chemical bonding : Ionic , covalent , coordinate, type of covalent bond , Tetravalent of carbon
5) Hybridization : sp3 , sp2 , sp
6) Bond energy
7) Bond length
8) Bond angle
9) Electronegativity
10) Polarity in covalent bonds
11) Hydrogen bonding
12) IUPAC
13) Nomenclature of organic compounds

Unit -2

Organic reactions and their mechanisms:-

1) Reaction mechanism
2) Electron displacement effects : Inductive , Mesomeric , Electromeric effect , Hyperconjugate
3) Homolytic bond fission
4) Heterostructure bond fission
5) Structure and stability of : carbonium ion , carbanion ions and free radicals
6) Attacking reagents :- Electrophilic reagents , Nucleophilic reagents.
7) Brief concept of organic reactions :- Substitution reactions , addition reaction ,elimination and rearrangement reactions

Unit -3

Alkanes

* Nomenclature
* General method of preparation
* Physical properties
* Combustion
* Free radicals Substitution Reaction
( Chain reaction : halogenation )

Cycloalkanes

* Nomenclature
* General method of preparation
* Chemical reactions
* Relative stabilities :- Bayer strain theory , sachse -Mohr concept of stainless rings
* Conformational analysis of cyclohexane.

Alkanes

* Nomenclature
* General methods of preparation
*Electrophilic addition reactions
* Markovnikov rule
* Antimarkovinkov rule
* Catalytic hydrogenation
* Oxidation and combustion
* Brief introduction of alkadienes , Diels alder reaction

Alkynes

* Nomenclature
* General methods of preparation
* Electronegativity of sp- hybridized carbon and acidity of acetylene
* Substitution and addition reactions

Unit -4

haloalkanes

*Nomenclature
*General method of preparation
*Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction :- SN1 and SN2 reactions

alcohols

* Nomenclature
* General methods of preparation
*Physical properties ( Hydrogen bonding )
* Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction
* Elimination reaction
* Saytzeff rule

ethers

* Nomenclature
* General methods of preparation
* Physical and chemical properties

amines

*Nomenclature
*General methods of preparation
*Physical and chemical properties.

Unit -5

aldehydes and ketone

* General methods of preparation
* Acidity of alpha Hydrogen
* Nucleophilic addition reaction
* Aldol condensation reaction
*Cannizzaro reaction
* Clemmensen reduction
* Alpha and beta - unsaturated carbonyl compounds

Carboxylic acids.

* Acid halides and anhydrides :- Nomenclature , general method of preparation
* Physical and chemical properties
*Effect of substituent on acidity

Ester

* Nomenclature
*Preparation with special emphasis on synthesis of malonic and acetoacetic ester and their synthetic applications.